Results of the Sommerfeld expansion

Chemical potential μ

Internal energy

Specific heat

Entropy

Helmholtz free energy

Pressure

Bulk modulus

The density of states at the Fermi energy and the derivative of the density of states at the Fermi energy are given for a few materials in the table below.

D(EF) J-1 m-3

D'(EF) J-2 m-3

 Al 

1.3 × 1047

-5.8 × 1065

Cu

1.5 × 1047

-1.2 × 1065

K

7.4 × 1046

3.3 × 1065

Li

1.5 × 1047

7.0 × 1065

Na

8.4 × 1046

2.2 × 1065

V

9.9 × 1047

-8.9 × 1065